In radiation safety, what does the term "shielding" refer to?

Shielding refers to the use of specific materials to absorb or deflect radiation, thereby reducing exposure to individuals and the environment. The concept is fundamental in radiation safety practices, as different materials have varying effectiveness against different types of radiation. For instance, lead is commonly used for gamma radiation shielding due to its high density, while concrete may be used for neutrons. The goal of shielding is to create a barrier that minimizes the risk of harmful radiation exposure, ensuring safety for workers, patients, and the public in environments where radiation is present.

In contrast, the other choices touch on different aspects of radiation safety. Evacuating areas of radiation is more about immediate response and safety protocols rather than a protective measure. Measuring radiation levels focuses on assessing existing hazards rather than preventing exposure. Detecting radiation leaks pertains to identifying and locating sources of unwanted exposure, but it does not involve the proactive approach of minimizing exposure through barriers. Thus, shielding remains a critical component of radiation protection strategies.