What is often a result of non-stochastic effects?

Non-stochastic effects are typically deterministic in nature, meaning they occur as a direct response to exposure above a certain threshold rather than randomly. Immediate damage to specific organs aligns well with this concept, as these effects can manifest quickly following exposure to a harmful agent. Such immediate responses often involve acute radiation syndromes or direct physical injuries caused by excessive radiation or chemical exposure, leading to identifiable damage in organs that can occur shortly after the exposure.

In contrast, other outcomes like increased risk of cancer or genetic changes over generations are associated with stochastic effects, which are probabilistic and occur over time without a defined threshold. These effects can lead to chronic diseases that develop gradually and are not necessarily linked to immediate exposure. Therefore, the option highlighting immediate damage to specific organs stands out as the direct consequence of non-stochastic effects.