What term describes the increased response of cells to radiation when they are saturated with oxygen?

The term that describes the increased response of cells to radiation when they are saturated with oxygen is known as the oxygen enhancement ratio. This concept indicates that the presence of oxygen intensifies the effects of radiation on cells. When cells are exposed to radiation in an oxygen-rich environment, they exhibit greater sensitivity to the damaging effects of ionizing radiation compared to when they are in a low-oxygen (hypoxic) state.

In essence, oxygen enhances the formation of free radicals during radiation exposure, which are key contributors to cellular damage. This phenomenon is significant in radiation therapy, as tumors that are well-oxygenated tend to be more effectively treated with radiation compared to those that are hypoxic. The oxygen enhancement ratio quantitatively measures this sensitivity, highlighting the critical role oxygen plays in radiation biology and therapy. This term is fundamental for understanding how to optimize radiation treatments for better patient outcomes.