What unit of measurement equals 100 ergs of energy absorbed per gram of irradiated material?

The correct answer is Gray, which is the unit of measurement that specifically signifies the absorption of energy from ionizing radiation in a given mass of material. One Gray is defined as the absorption of one joule of radiation energy per kilogram of matter, which is equivalent to 100 ergs of energy absorbed per gram. This relationship highlights the Gray's role in quantifying biological effects of radiation, as it provides a measure reflecting the energy absorbed, which is crucial in assessing radiation doses for safety practices.

The other options relate to different aspects of radiation measurement. Air Kerma measures the kinetic energy released in air, typically used for determining radiation exposure in air. Sievert is a unit of dose equivalent that factors in the biological effects of different types of radiation on human tissue, taking into account the type of radiation and its biological impact. The quality factor serves as a multiplier used to assess the relative biological effectiveness of different types of radiation on human tissue but does not directly quantify absorbed energy. Hence, Gray is the appropriate choice when referring to energy absorption per mass of irradiated material.